About
Several autoimmune diseases are affecting components of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to different symptoms and different antibodies specificity. The most significant GI autoimmune disorders are:
- Autoimmune Gastritis (Chronic Atrophic Gastritis), a chronic inflammatory disease where the immune system attacks the stomach lining, specifically the parietal cells and intrinsic factor, leading to atrophy of the gastric mucosa and loss of gastric acid secretion.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompassing two primary conditions: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Crohn’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus but most commonly affecting the terminal ileum and the colon. Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition limited to the colon and rectum, characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation.
- Celiac disease, a systemic autoimmune disease with a pronounced genetic predisposition, where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
- Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), a chronic inflammatory liver disease where the immune system attacks liver cells.
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), a chronic disease where the immune system slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver.
- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), a disease causing inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts inside and outside the liver.
Diagnosis
The identification and the discrimination of autoantibodies against mitochondria (AMA), parietal cells (APCA), smooth muscle (ASMA), and liver-kidney microsome type 1 (LKM-1), through IFA (immunofluorescence assay) and ELISA testing, are important pillars of gastric and liver autoimmune diseases diagnosis, ensuring high valuable medical insights in a cost-efficiency manner. Specific tests are used for confirmation of most hepatic and gastric autoimmune diseases. Celiac disease and IBD are diagnosed via antigen-specific immunoassays.
Sebia’s Expertise
Bringing together in one combined workflow the identification of AMA, APCA, ASMA and LKM-1 antibodies and the related antigens for the diagnosis of AIH and PBC, Sebia can support a reliable diagnostic path, from the screening phase to the confirmation, with Sebias’ IFA Test Systems and Alegria Monotest random access solution, completed by ELISA testing for high throughput.
The all-in-one Alegria Monotest is particularly suited for small series and offers unique flexibility for maximum workflow efficiency with the Alegria 2 system. For Celiac disease and IBD diagnostics, the Alegria Monotest random access solution is available, reducing the time to result and keeping a high quality.
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- Muratori L, Lohse AW, Lenzi M. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. BMJ. 2023 Feb 6;380:e070201. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070201. Erratum in: BMJ. 2023 Feb 10;380:p330. doi: 10.1136/bmj.p330. PMID: 36746473.
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