About
Autoimmune thyroid diseases primarily include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, each affecting thyroid function differently. Hashimoto’s leads to hypothyroidism due to thyroid gland destruction, while Graves’ causes hyperthyroidism due to overproduction of thyroid hormones. The immune system produces antibodies against thyroid proteins, such as thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg).
If TPO is inhibited by the binding of specific antibodies, less thyroid hormone is produced, which leads to hypothyroidism. Because of the close functional relationship between the two enzymes, antibodies against TPO and Tg are often found together. Elevated TPO antibody titers are found in 90% of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and can also be detected in patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease).
Diagnosis
Diagnosing autoimmune thyroid diseases involves clinical evaluation, thyroid imaging (ultrasound), thyroid function tests, and detection of specific autoantibodies.
Among thyroid function tests, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low free thyroxine (FT4) levels indicate hypothyroidism, where high levels of anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies are indicative of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Sebia’s Expertise
Sebia offers reliable solutions for diagnosing thyroid autoimmune diseases with the Alegria Monotest random access system, and and open-access ELISA testing for high throughput. Sebia´s superior antigen coating procedure and the economical all-in-one Alegria system, bring a unique flexibility for optimal workflow efficiency.
The all-in-one Alegria Monotest is particularly suited for small series and offers unique flexibility for maximum workflow efficiency with the Alegria 2 system.
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- Stassi G, De Maria R. Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar;2(3):195-204. doi: 10.1038/nri750. PMID: 11913070.
- McGrogan A, Seaman HE, Wright JW, de Vries CS. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Nov;69(5):687-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03338.x. Epub 2008 Jul 31. PMID: 18673466.
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